SKH Research Group · Li-ion cathode end of life

Regenerate the cathode now, or use the cell further?

Enter the cost of your regeneration process and how long the regenerated material lasts compared with pristine material under the same test. The calculator applies the dimensionless criterion from the degradation-aware techno-economic model and shows the cycle life and cost your process would need to beat continued use.

Regenerate at retirement (B) beats continued use, then virgin replacement (D), when  κ < λ + p(1 + λ)/2 − (1 + κ)vρ/2

How to use

  1. Choose the case. Pick the cathode route, the state of health at which the cell is retired, and the boundary: CAM counts the cathode material only; Cell adds the non-CAM cell cost and the cost of repurposing the old cell. The other fields then load the reference values of the model.
  2. Enter your process. Regeneration cost in USD per kg CAM (processing, reagents and energy), and the cycle-life ratio: equivalent full cycles to 80% capacity of the regenerated material divided by that of pristine material, measured in full cells under the same protocol. Example: pristine 1,000 cycles, regenerated 900 cycles, enter 0.90.
  3. Read the verdict. The card states whether regenerating at retirement or using the cell further is cheaper per MWh delivered. The tiles give the cycle-life ratio and the regeneration cost your process would need to reach the boundary; the map places your process against it.
  4. Change assumptions only if you have better data. Open Market and use assumptions to change the value of second-use energy, the repurposing cost, the virgin CAM cost, the non-CAM cell cost or the continuation energy. Reset restores the reference case.

Case

Retirement state of health
System boundary

Your regeneration process

Market and use assumptions

Verdict

B

Decision marginpositive favors regeneration
Cycle-life ratio neededregenerated / pristine
Break-even regeneration costUSD per kg CAM
Against virgin replacementλ − κ, positive favors regeneration